Several powerful console music players for Linux

These players are among the top audio players for console available on Linux. You can run them in a shell instance without the need of an X Server, and although several use only a command-line interface (like ogg123 of mpg123), several come with a nice, ncurses-based interface which makes music management easier and pleasant.

CMus (full review here)
Also named C* music player, CMus is a powerful player featuring an ncurses interface, with support for audio formats like Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV or MP3. It comes with 7 different view modes (the default one is called the library view mode and includes two panels, one as a file browser and the other one as a playlist), support for themes, configurable shorcuts, Vi-style commands. I found CMus to be extremely fast, highly configurable and flexible. Definitely worth a try for those who are looking for a terminal-based audio player.
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CMus

MOC (full review here)
Yet another powerful and popular audio player for the terminal, MOC (music on console) has an ncurses interface, it supports various formats (the ffmpeg-moc plugin extends those to bassically everything ffmpeg supports), it is easy to use. It comes with a twin panel interface and allows themes too. MOC is very popular and provides a good alternative to players like CMus or mp3blaster.
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MOC

mp3blaster
It's unlikely that any audiophile who prefers to play his music in console mode didn't hear about mp3blaster. Just as the name suggests, mp3blaster is a MP3, WAV and Ogg Vorbis player, with an ncurses interface. The last release is 3.2.5, and although it was rarely updated over the couple of years (except for minor changes), it's full-featured and a good alternative to the players mentioned above.
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mp3blaster

mplayer
Well-known for its video capabilities, mplayer can also play lots of audio formats in command-line mode. Some of the audio formats mplayer reads are Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV, AAC, FLAC or WMA. I can recommend mplayer for those who want to be able to play virtually any audio file out there, and not stay only with MP3 or Vorbis.
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mplayer

In addition to those 4 players mentioned above, I can recommend two simpler players for command-line:

ogg123, which is the official player for FLAC and Ogg Vorbis from Xiph.org
mpg123, a player for MP3 files, also featuring a command-line interface

Also, following a server-client model, there are two other powerful ways of playing music, mpd + ncmpc (music player daemon) and xmms2 + xmms2-client-cli.